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Tex-Mex cuisine is very popular in Houston. Many Mexican cuisine restaurants in Houston have aspects that originate from Texas culture. Katharine Shilcutt of the ''Houston Press'' said in 2012 that "Tex-Mex has been a vital part of our city for more than 100 years" and that it "never waned in that century."〔Shilcutt, Katharine. "Get a Rope." ''Houston Press''. Wednesday February 15, 2012. (2 ). Retrieved on August 23, 2012.〕 She added that "()he cultural significance of Tex-Mex as a vital touchstone between generations and an expression of our roots cannot be denied."〔 In his book ''Ethnicity in the Sunbelt: A History of Mexican Americans in Houston'', Arnoldo De León said that the recent immigrants from Mexico to Houston add foods that are popular with immigrants to menus of Mexican restaurants in Houston. Robb Walsh of the ''Houston Press'' said "You might say that the immigrant flow is what keeps the "Mex" in Tex-Mex."〔Walsh, Robb. "(The Authenticity Myth )." ''Houston Press''. October 26, 2000. Retrieved on November 16, 2009.〕 In Houston, as in other places in Texas, the existing Chicano community influences the cooking methods used by recent immigrants.〔 In Houston, several restaurants that have authentic Mexican cuisine call themselves "Mex-Mex." Several restaurants that have both Tex Mex and Mexican cuisine call themselves "Mix Mex."〔Walsh, Robb. "Mama's Got a Brand-new Bag." ''Houston Press''. Thursday September 28, 2000. (3 ). Retrieved on December 11, 2011.〕 As of 2012, Molina's Cantina is the oldest still-operating Tex-Mex restaurant in Houston. A restaurant featuring newer style Tex-Mex, Ninfa's became influential in the development of the cuisine in the city. ==History== Tex-Mex cuisine in Houston began in the late 1800s, when street vendors appeared. Most were Hispanic, while some were black and Native American.〔Walsh, Robb. "Pralines and Pushcarts." ''Houston Press''. Thursday July 27, 2000. (2 ). Retrieved on December 11, 2011.〕 In 1907 a food safety campaign began, and the resulting laws lead to many street vendors going out of business. By 1910, while some food vendors remained in business, restaurants began to replace the food vendors.〔Walsh, Robb. "Combination Plates." ''Houston Press''. Thursday August 31, 2000. (1 ). Retrieved on December 11, 2011.〕 The first Tex Mex restaurant in Houston was Original Mexican Restaurant; George Caldwell, a non-Hispanic White (Anglo) American from San Antonio, Texas, opened it in 1907. Robb Walsh said that "Caldwell was no doubt inspired by the Original Mexican Restaurant in his hometown, which opened in 1900."〔 In 1929 Felix Tijerina, who worked as a busboy in Caldwell's restaurant, opened Felix's.〔Walsh, Robb. "Combination Plates." ''Houston Press''. Thursday August 31, 2000. (1 )-(2 ). Retrieved on December 11, 2011.〕 While the business failed due to the Great Depression, Tijerina re-established it in 1937.〔Walsh, Robb. "Combination Plates." ''Houston Press''. Thursday August 31, 2000. (2 ). Retrieved on December 11, 2011.〕 Early Tex Mex restaurants catered to Anglo palates. They were the first places where Anglo and Mexican Americans interacted with one another.〔 Molina's Cantina first opened in 1941,〔Pham, Mai. "(Molina's Cantina: 70 Years of Tex-Mex in Houston )." ''Houston Press''. Friday July 8, 2011. Retrieved on July 25, 2012.〕 making it, as of 2011, the oldest continually operating Tex-Mex restaurant in the city.〔Shilcutt, Katharine. "(100 Favorite Dishes 2012: No. 53, Mexico City Plate at Molina's Cantina )." ''Houston Press''. Tuesday July 17, 2012. Retrieved on July 25, 2012.〕 Cynthia Mayer of the ''Philadelphia Inquirer'' said that Molina's, "a restaurant that began serving Mexican food long before Corona beer and body shots became the yuppie rage," helped George H. W. Bush adjust to life as a Houstonian.〔Mayer, Cynthia. "In Houston, Where Bush Still Drops In." ''Philadelphia Inquirer''. August 18, 1992. (1 ). Retrieved on October 13, 2012.〕 In 1972 Diana Kennedy released the book ''The Cuisines of Mexico'', which detailed food across Mexico from different socioeconomic and ethnic groups.〔Walsh, Robb. "Brave Nuevo World." ''Houston Press''. Thursday December 21, 2000. (1 ). Retrieved on December 11, 2011.〕 Beginning in 1973, newer style Tex-Mex restaurants, influenced by Kennedy and other people who advocated for actual Mexican cuisine, opened. The food included tended to have grilled meats, salsas, and seafood. Walsh said that while "()heir slogans promised authenticity", "the new Mexican restaurants weren't much more authentic than the ones they replaced."〔 Ninfa's began serving fajitas in 1973, and other restaurants followed suit.〔Walsh, Robb. "Mama's Got a Brand-new Bag." ''Houston Press''. Thursday September 28, 2000. (2 ). Retrieved on December 11, 2011.〕 Many of the foods originated from Tejano people from West Texas and the Rio Grande Valley, and not from central Mexico.〔 Many older style Mexican restaurants declined and/or went out of business. Some old-style restaurants were frequented by older people who have a nostalgia for older cooking.〔 Some old-style restaurants cater to families with young children who may dislike the bolder flavors in newer Houston Tex-Mex.〔Walsh, Robb. "Combination Plates." ''Houston Press''. Thursday August 31, 2000. (3 ). Retrieved on December 11, 2011.〕 In 1977 Richard West of the ''Texas Monthly'' stated that Houston, the largest city in Texas, has "the highest percentage of demanding food seekers" and therefore "it's not too surprising that here one finds the widest spectrum of Mexican cuisine."〔West, Richard. "From Mexico With Love." ''Texas Monthly''. Emmis Communications, June 1977. Vol. 5, No. 6. (175 ). ISSN 0148-7736. Retrieved from Google Books on December 11, 2011.〕 Walsh said "From the "genuine Mexican food" of George Caldwell in 1907 to the claims you hear today, Mexican restaurants have always promised authenticity and have always delivered what sells. The real changes that have taken place are in the public's tastes. And understanding the way our tastes have changed can tell us a lot about where we're going and where we've been."〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tex-Mex cuisine in Houston」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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